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Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PVC) is to protect and young children against diseases caused by (pneumococcus). There are currently three PCV vaccines in the world market:

Prevnar (so-called Prevenar in some countries),

Synflorix and Prevnar 13. Prevnar is hepta valent vaccine, which means that it contains sugar

seven pneumococcus associated with. He was made. B, Prevnar vaccine is recommended for all children under 2 years and for unvaccinated children 24 to 59 months who have high risk of pneumococcal infection. Synflorix performed. This

deck valent vaccine, which means that it contains ten pneumococcus serotypes (1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F), associated with the protein carrier. Synflorix endorsed the European Agency for medicinal products for use in the European Union in January 2009

and GSK has received European Commission approval to market Synflorix in March 2009. Prevenar 13 is produced. This

triskai valent vaccine, which means that it contains thirteen serotypes pneumococcus (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F), which the air ' associated with the protein carrier. Prevenar 13 was approved in the U.S. for immediate release to the public February 24, 2010. It should be represented on the same schedule, as Prevnar. [[The original Prevnar was conducted with the seven most common strains in the United States. Bacterial sugar capsule that is specific to these pathogens associated with CRM, non-toxic recombinant variant toxin

(). Sahara vaccines are grown separately in broth soy peptone. With restorative aminuvannya, sugar directly related to the protein carrier CRM

form lectin receptors. CRM

grown in Corynebacterium diphtheria strain C7 among casamino acids and yeast extract. Original 7-valent formulation containing 4.6 serotypes B, 9V, 14,18 C, 19F and 23F, and results in 98% chance of protection against these strains, resulting in 80% of pneumococcal infections in children in the United States. In 2010 the company Pfizer introduced Prevnar 13, which includes six additional strains (eg, 1, 3, 5, 6A, 19A and 7F), which protect against most other pneumococcal infections. [Synflorix contains antigen from ten pneumococcus serotypes, seven contained in Prevnar, plus serotypes 1, 5 and 7F. Eight out of ten serotypes associated with protein-carrier received from non-typeable strains.

[Children under two years, unable to establish an adequate response to the 23-valent vaccine for adults and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine

(PCV) (for example) should be used. Although it applies only to the seven strains with more than ninetieth strains, seven of these strains cause 80% to 90% of cases of severe pneumococcal infection, and it is almost 100% effective against these strains. [It consists of a primary course of two doses of 2 and 4 months from the last third of the dose at the age of 13 months. [Children are at particular risk (eg,

, and) require both complete protection, as can be achieved by using 7-valent vaccine congugated, with a large, 23-valent vaccine is given after the second year of life:

[ In 2001

(CDC), on the recommendation of their recommended vaccines to enter each infants and young children in the United States. As a result, demand outstrips production, creating a deficit is not resolved until 2004. All children, in accordance with applicable United States should get four doses, two months, four months, six months, and again from one year to fifteen months. [Prevnar is designed to stop the seven pneumococcal serotypes about ninety who have the potential to cause invasive. Each year, IPD kills about one million children worldwide. Upon approval,

Prevnar in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease were reported in several studies. There is evidence that other people in the same building as vaktsynyruemoho be relatively protected. Indeed, there is evidence that the vaccine reduces the burden of childhood pneumococcal infections in adults and especially high-risk adults, such as people living with

/. Vaccines, however, primarily developed for the U.S. and European epidemiological situation, and so it has only limited coverage of serotypes causing serious pneumococcal infections in most developing countries. [After the introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in 2000, several studies have described lower invasive pneumococcal infections in the United States. A year after its introduction, a group of researchers found a 69% drop in the rate of invasive disease in these age less than 2 years. By 2004, rates from all causes pneumonia revenues declined by 39% (95% CI 2252) and pneumococcal meningitis hospitalization rate decreased by 66% (95% CI 56. 3-73. 5) in children younger than 2. Interestingly, rates of invasive pneumococcal infections among adults also decreased after administration of the vaccine. Although it is difficult to specifically attribute this decline in adult pneumococcal conjugated vaccine childhood as adult pneumococcal 23-valent vaccine polysaharydnoy also available. While the overall decrease in invasive pneumococcal disease is well documented, expressed concern about a potential increase in speed of infections caused by serotypes not included in the vaccine. Recent data indicate that serotype replacement increases (1 61 - .. I 1 28-fold increase in children and adults), but is minimal compared to the observed significant reduction in the burden of vaccine preventable disease. [Prevnar was administered about 20 000 children to licensing, and >> << evaluated. Rash at the injection site were noted about one percent of children. [Pneumococcal disease is the leading preventable by vaccines killer young children worldwide, according to, killing more than 800,000 to one million children a year. Ninety percent of these deaths falls on developing countries. Historically, in 1520, before the new vaccine reaches 1/4 the population of developing countries. This project, funded to accelerate the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in low income countries through partnership among countries, donors, academia, international organizations and industry. The action currently projected 5. 4000000 deaths of children can be stopped in 2030. In May 2007, 30 of 72

countries have expressed interest in introducing pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in the period between 2008 and 2010. These countries,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and. In April 2009, the first of these countries, Rwanda, presented Prevnar in their routine immunization schedule. Use of the vaccine in Rwanda is expected to save thousands of children each year and significantly reduce the economic burden of this disease. It is expected that HAVI help fund many other countries with low income entry in the coming years. [Prevnar is a leading manufacturer of Wyeth profits from sales in 2005, $ 1. 5 billion, up 43 percent since 2004. [The dispute arose regarding pneumococcal vaccine Wyeth advertisement broadcast in Poland and Saudi Arabia. Advertising for Prevnar, showing a dying child and his mother was banned in Poland, chief pharmaceutical inspector (GIF), Sofia Ulz, April 3, 2007. For Ulz, ads were designed to cause fear to attract customers. Wyeth response, arguing tactic was used to raise awareness of the potential danger represented by pneumococcal infection. In addition, Wyeth has been accused of conflict of interest in the economic evaluation of Prevnar. Selling price conjugate vaccine is clearly very high. WHO air ADIP and other associations are taking steps to make cheaper, more effective vaccines available to partners in countries such as India and Brazil. [The authorities in the Netherlands banned the use of one party Prevenar Pfizer after three infants died within two weeks after receiving anti-infection vaccination. A spokesman for

said that three children also received two unrelated other vaccines in the routine immunization. >> << Investigating the causes of infant death. Other parties Prevenar still be used. Pfizer representative said the preliminary investigation of the company and health authorities strattera have not found a connection between vaccination and death, and that the company launched a "quarantine" of the party which contains 110,000 doses of Prevenar. Concerns about serotype replacement walk from the CDC published a study in 2006 More recently, it was confirmed that children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV showed increased rate of carriage serotype 19A: new, more dangerous and less resistant to treatment (antibiotic-resistant ) strain. The study showed that higher rates were transportation depends on the dose. Healthy children were vaccinated with three doses, two doses, or were unvaccinated for PVC. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), September 2010. [[[On >>. <<